A built up roof for example will typically include the built up membrane itself with or without gravel as well as some kind of insulation and cover board which will vary in thickness from roof to roof.
Weight limit on roof.
For example a flat roof intended to hold a home garden needs to hold 100 pounds per square foot.
It barely even does that properly without any added stresses and strains.
When parked the additional weight of humans and gear in a rooftop tent can be much higher.
To calculate the off road load rating divide the load rating by the safety factor then subtract the weight of the racks this will tell you the safe off road cargo rating for your vehicle.
Depending on your type of roof and what it is used for it may be required to hold more weight.
Per those guidelines an ordinary roof on a home needs to hold 20 pounds per square foot at absolute minimum.
Refer to rooftop tent and rack.
Having said that as a quick overview i have put together this table for you have a glance at what you can expect.
Most roof top tents will fit on a car that has at least 165lbs 75kg roof load capacity.
There are reports of jeep owners putting weight on the roof that exceeds 200 lbs.
The 165 pound weight limit is very common and applies to a moving load.
The 200 series landcruiser roof carrying capacity is 200kg for example.
This is not safe and should be avoided since the roof design was not meant for carrying load but was more designed to protect you from the natural elements.
The safety factor is 1 5 to 2 depending on the roof rack and fixture style you can find the safety factor in the roof rack instructions.
The dead load on a roof is the weight of the roof structure itself along with any permanently attached materials or structures on the roof so it must be designed first of all to support itself.